Little update on visa applying in General Consulate in Dubai:
I went there on August 15th 2024 in the morning with German passport. Required documents were:
-filled in and signed Visa form from the website of consulate (as far as I know you can also fill it out in the consulate but better bring the form)
-pass picture as described at the website of consulate
-passport copy on paper (can be made in consulate, but maybe you have to wait a little)
-visa fee in Dirham (I paid 481 Dirham). Credit card payment is also possible right now!
-Invitation letter in case you apply for tourist visa
In total I spent four hours in the consulate and then received my passport with the visa sticker inside - so it is definitely possible to receive visa in one day if you go there in the morning. Other people received it even after two hours but I had to wait longer because the consul was busy then.
In general the process is fine and staff is helpful and friendly.